A Brief History of the U.S. in Central and South America 美国政府在中美洲各国的政治影响简史
Guatemala 危地马拉
Before 1944, Guatemala was run by leaders who prioritized economic growth and granted large amounts of land to the U.S. and enforced labor exploitation. In 1954, president Jacobo Árbenz took unused land away from the U.S. to redistribute to landless peasants.
Upset by this, the U.S. CIA supported a military coup of the Guatemalan government. This resulted in a 36 year civil war in Guatemala (1960-1996).
This, among other conflicts, has resulted in high rates of Guatemalans migrating to the U.S. border where they are being met with racist anti-immigrant rhetoric.
1944年之前，危地马拉由优先考虑经济发展的领导人统治，他们将大量土地授予美国并强制执行劳动剥削。
1954年，总统哈科沃·阿本斯（Jacobo Árbenz）从美国手中收回未使用的土地，以重新分配给无地农民。
美国政府对此感到不满，并指派美国中央情报局（CIA）扶持了一场推翻危地马拉政府的军事政变。
这导致了危地马拉长达36年的内战（1960-1996）。
这场内战以及其他冲突导致大量危地马拉人迁移到美国边境，但他们在那里却遭遇带种族主义色彩的反移民言论。
El Salvador 萨尔瓦多
The Salvadorian Civil War (1979-1992) took place after a fraudulent president came to power and took civil liberties away from the people. The Salvadorian government was heavily backed by the US because of the two countries’ deep economic, military, and political ties.
The war displaced more than 1 million Salvadorans—roughly one-fifth of the population at the time. With nowhere to turn, they migrated to the U.S.
一位通过舞弊上台的总统剥夺人民的自由，萨尔瓦多内战（1979-1992）因此爆发。由于两国在经济、军事和政治上的深厚联系，萨尔瓦多政府得到了美国政府的大力支持。
这场战争导致超过100万萨尔瓦多人流离失所，相当于当时人口的五分之一。无处可去的他们纷纷迁往美国。
Honduras 洪都拉斯
During the Presidential election of 2017, there were massive polling irregularities in Honduras. While the Organization of American States (OAS) & the Honduran people argued that a re-vote was necessary, the U.S. recognized as the winner incumbent President Juan Orlando Hernandez.
This sparked political unrest & Hondurans migrating to the U.S., just to be deported back to the harmful conditions that they were attempting to flee.
在2017年总统选举期间，洪都拉斯发生大规模投票违规事件。尽管美洲国家组织（OAS）和洪都拉斯人民认为应当重新投票，美国政府却承认时任总统胡安·奥兰多·埃尔南德斯（Juan Orlando Hernandez）为获胜者。
这引发了政治动荡，大批洪都拉斯人移民到美国，却最终被美国政府遣返回他们试图逃离的危险环境。
Venezuela 委内瑞拉
The current president of Venezuela, Nicolás Maduro Moros, claimed the title in 2019, despite global condemnation of a rigged election.
In an attempt to force Maduro out of office, the US barred oil purchases, froze government bank accounts, prohibited the country from issuing new debt, and seized tankers bound for Venezuela. This dirastically impacted the economy and the livelihood of all those living in Venezuela. Since 2020, 80-90% of households are living in poverty.
现任总统尼古拉斯·马杜罗·莫罗斯（Nicolás Maduro Moros）在2019年宣称自己选举获胜，尽管全球谴责其选举存在舞弊。
为了迫使马杜罗下台，美国禁止其政府购买石油、冻结政府银行账户、禁止该国发行新债务，并扣押前往委内瑞拉的油轮。这些措施极大地影响了经济和所有委内瑞拉居民的生计。自2020年以来，80%-90%的家庭生活在贫困中。
Argentina 阿根廷
The Argentina dictatorship had been attempted to be overthrown multiple times between 1976 to 1984. Fearing the spread of communism across the Americas, the US offered Argentinian rightist military regimes counterinsurgency training, financial assistance, and intelligence briefings.
With U.S. support, Argentina’s junta kidnapped leftists, dissidents, union leaders and anyone who looked like a threat. Many fled these unsafe conditions.
阿根廷独裁政权在1976至1984年期间曾多次遭到颠覆政权的行动。出于对共产主义在美洲蔓延的担忧，美国向阿根廷的右翼军事政权提供了反游击战争训练、财政援助和情报简报。
在美国的支持下，阿根廷军政府绑架了左翼分子、异见人士、工会领导人以及任何可能对其造成威胁的人。许多人逃离了这种不安全的环境。
What’s the takeaway? 我们能得到什么结论？
As the current administration continues to push for deportation measures, it’s important to understand why certain people immigrated to the United States and the conditions they face in their home countries. People rarely leave their home and families for little to no reason, we all came to this country for a better life, but many were forced to leave because of foreign intervention and because they can no longer see a future in their home country.
在现任政府继续推动驱逐措施时，了解某些人移民到美国的原因以及他们在本国面临的现状尤为重要。人们很少无缘无故离开自己的家和家人，我们所有人来到这个国家都是为了追求更好的生活。但许多人因其国家遭受外部干预而被迫离开，他们在祖国看不到未来。
