What are Tariffs? 什么是关税?
Why they’re being put in place & what it will mean for you. 为何征收关税，以及关税对您有哪些影响
What is a Tariff?
A tariff is a tax imposed on foreign-made goods, paid by the importing business to its home country’s government.
关税是对外国产品征收的一种税款，由进口商支付给其本国政府。
For example, if there’s a 10% tariff on all goods from China, a product worth $10 would have a $1 charge added. That charge is paid to the U.S. Government by the importer.
如果对来自中国的所有商品征收10%的关税，那么一件价值10美元的产品将额外加收1美元的关税。该费用由进口商支付给美国政府。
How does this impact consumers? 关税将对消费者造成什么影响？
Because these tariffs are being paid by the importer, economists predict that prices of common goods will rise. ING estimates a rough yearly increase of $835 per person or $3,340 for a family of four.
由于这些关税由进口商支付，经济学家预测普通商品的价格将会上涨。荷兰国际集团（ING）估计，每人每年的生活成本大约会增加835美元，而一个四口之家的年增长额则约为3340美元。
For example, if Jewel Osco imports $100 worth of vegetables from China, they will have to pay a $10 tariff. This makes the vegetables higher in value, so the grocery store might sell them for more than usual.
如果 Jewel Osco 超市从中国进口价值100美元的蔬菜，他们需要支付10美元的关税。这使得蔬菜的成本上升，因此超市可能会以高于平时的价格出售这些蔬菜。
How does this impact businesses? 关税将对商家造成什么影响？
If goods are selling at a higher price than normal, this may impact demand. Not only will businesses have to pay more on their imports, they will have to sell items at a higher cost to offset their spending.
如果商品的售价高于平时，这可能会影响需求。企业不仅要为进口商品支付更高的费用，还必须以更高的价格出售商品以弥补支出。
For example, if a restaurant has to buy its vegetables from Jewel Osco & the price has increased per dish by $10, then the price of that dish might also increase by $10. This increase may be less appealing to customers. 如果餐馆必须从 Jewel Osco 超市购买蔬菜，而每道菜的成本因此增加了10美元，那么这道菜的售价也可能相应上调10美元。这种涨价可能会让顾客望而却步。
What tariffs are being implemented? 目前美国政府正在征收哪些关税？
Trump’s Executive Order on Saturday morning (2/1/2025) imposes tariffs on Canada, Mexico, and China, who together accounted for more than 40% of imports into the U.S. last year.
特朗普于 2025年2月1日（星期六） 发布行政命令，对加拿大、墨西哥和中国的进口商品征收关税。这三个国家在去年共占美国进口总额的 40%以上。
A Brief History of the U.S. in Central and South America 美国政府在中美洲各国的政治影响简史
How US involvement in foreign affairs has lead to an increase in displacement. 美国在外交事务中的介入如何导致更多的人被迫迁移
Guatemala 危地马拉
Before 1944, Guatemala was run by leaders who prioritized economic growth and granted large amounts of land to the U.S. and enforced labor exploitation. In 1954, president Jacobo Árbenz took unused land away from the U.S. to redistribute to landless peasants.
Upset by this, the U.S. CIA supported a military coup of the Guatemalan government. This resulted in a 36 year civil war in Guatemala (1960-1996).
This, among other conflicts, has resulted in high rates of Guatemalans migrating to the U.S. border where they are being met with racist anti-immigrant rhetoric.
1944年之前，危地马拉由优先考虑经济发展的领导人统治，他们将大量土地授予美国并强制执行劳动剥削。
1954年，总统哈科沃·阿本斯（Jacobo Árbenz）从美国手中收回未使用的土地，以重新分配给无地农民。
美国政府对此感到不满，并指派美国中央情报局（CIA）扶持了一场推翻危地马拉政府的军事政变。
这导致了危地马拉长达36年的内战（1960-1996）。
这场内战以及其他冲突导致大量危地马拉人迁移到美国边境，但他们在那里却遭遇带种族主义色彩的反移民言论。
El Salvador 萨尔瓦多
The Salvadorian Civil War (1979-1992) took place after a fraudulent president came to power and took civil liberties away from the people. The Salvadorian government was heavily backed by the US because of the two countries’ deep economic, military, and political ties.
The war displaced more than 1 million Salvadorans—roughly one-fifth of the population at the time. With nowhere to turn, they migrated to the U.S.
一位通过舞弊上台的总统剥夺人民的自由，萨尔瓦多内战（1979-1992）因此爆发。由于两国在经济、军事和政治上的深厚联系，萨尔瓦多政府得到了美国政府的大力支持。
这场战争导致超过100万萨尔瓦多人流离失所，相当于当时人口的五分之一。无处可去的他们纷纷迁往美国。
Honduras 洪都拉斯
During the Presidential election of 2017, there were massive polling irregularities in Honduras. While the Organization of American States (OAS) & the Honduran people argued that a re-vote was necessary, the U.S. recognized as the winner incumbent President Juan Orlando Hernandez.
This sparked political unrest & Hondurans migrating to the U.S., just to be deported back to the harmful conditions that they were attempting to flee.
在2017年总统选举期间，洪都拉斯发生大规模投票违规事件。尽管美洲国家组织（OAS）和洪都拉斯人民认为应当重新投票，美国政府却承认时任总统胡安·奥兰多·埃尔南德斯（Juan Orlando Hernandez）为获胜者。
这引发了政治动荡，大批洪都拉斯人移民到美国，却最终被美国政府遣返回他们试图逃离的危险环境。
Venezuela 委内瑞拉
The current president of Venezuela, Nicolás Maduro Moros, claimed the title in 2019, despite global condemnation of a rigged election.
In an attempt to force Maduro out of office, the US barred oil purchases, froze government bank accounts, prohibited the country from issuing new debt, and seized tankers bound for Venezuela. This dirastically impacted the economy and the livelihood of all those living in Venezuela. Since 2020, 80-90% of households are living in poverty.
现任总统尼古拉斯·马杜罗·莫罗斯（Nicolás Maduro Moros）在2019年宣称自己选举获胜，尽管全球谴责其选举存在舞弊。
为了迫使马杜罗下台，美国禁止其政府购买石油、冻结政府银行账户、禁止该国发行新债务，并扣押前往委内瑞拉的油轮。这些措施极大地影响了经济和所有委内瑞拉居民的生计。自2020年以来，80%-90%的家庭生活在贫困中。
Argentina 阿根廷
The Argentina dictatorship had been attempted to be overthrown multiple times between 1976 to 1984. Fearing the spread of communism across the Americas, the US offered Argentinian rightist military regimes counterinsurgency training, financial assistance, and intelligence briefings.
With U.S. support, Argentina’s junta kidnapped leftists, dissidents, union leaders and anyone who looked like a threat. Many fled these unsafe conditions.
阿根廷独裁政权在1976至1984年期间曾多次遭到颠覆政权的行动。出于对共产主义在美洲蔓延的担忧，美国向阿根廷的右翼军事政权提供了反游击战争训练、财政援助和情报简报。
在美国的支持下，阿根廷军政府绑架了左翼分子、异见人士、工会领导人以及任何可能对其造成威胁的人。许多人逃离了这种不安全的环境。
What’s the takeaway? 我们能得到什么结论？
As the current administration continues to push for deportation measures, it’s important to understand why certain people immigrated to the United States and the conditions they face in their home countries. People rarely leave their home and families for little to no reason, we all came to this country for a better life, but many were forced to leave because of foreign intervention and because they can no longer see a future in their home country.
在现任政府继续推动驱逐措施时，了解某些人移民到美国的原因以及他们在本国面临的现状尤为重要。人们很少无缘无故离开自己的家和家人，我们所有人来到这个国家都是为了追求更好的生活。但许多人因其国家遭受外部干预而被迫离开，他们在祖国看不到未来。
